Friday, 27 October 2017
Tuesday, 24 October 2017
Alternative Education
Alternative system of education
Alternative
education is a system of education which is set by an educational agency to
serve learners who are not succeeding in the formal educational system. it
provides innovative and flexible instruction, has flexible schedules, smaller
teacher- pupil ratio, flexible curriculum, grading systems, degree requirements
etc.
Alternative education, also known as
non-traditional education, is a broad term which may be used to refer to all
forms of education outside the traditional education.
Hampel used the term alternative
education to refer any system of education recommended as a substitute for the
formal education.
Monday, 23 October 2017
Sunday, 22 October 2017
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
social
stratification is a classification or categorization of people in a society
into different socio-economic strata or group based on their income, job,
status, colour, gender cast etc. it is the classification of the people for
different purpose.
Causes of
social stratification
Ø different culture
Ø different
languages
Ø different
religion
Ø different
cast
Ø multiparty
system
Evil
effects of social stratification
Ø create
inequality
Ø social
discrimination
Ø adverse
effect of the overall development of the society.
Ø corruption
at the administrative level.
Ø leads to
the closed society.
Neo Liberal Educational Policies
Neo Liberal Educational Policies
There are
three factors in policies.
1. Liberalization
2. Privatization
3. Globalization
1.
Liberalization
Liberalization
means elimination of state control over individual’s economic activity. It
provides greater autonomy to the private enterprises in decision making and
implementation. It means abolishing of licenses, liberalization of foreign
investment, relaxation of investments etc.
2.
Privatization
Privatization
is the transfer of control of ownership of economic resources from the public
sector to the private sector. It means the decline of the role of the public
sector.
3.
Globalization
Globalization means integration of the national
economy with the world economy. It implies free flow of information, ideas
technology, goods and services, capital and people across different countries.
It is the concept of world economy without the restriction of country boarders.
Merits of
globalization
Ø Improvement in economic and
educational activities.
Ø Free flow of goods and services and ideas
throughout the world.
Ø Free flow of technology.
Ø Production of international quality.
Demerits of
globalization
Ø Domestic companies are unable to
withstand due to international competition.
Ø Under development of indigenous
technologies.
Ø Increases disparities.
Merits of Privatization of Education
Ø Global access
Ø Increased facilities of education
Ø Quality education
Ø Reduce the financial burden of
government.
Ø Increased opportunities for
education.
Ø More freedom to individuals.
Ø Reduced completion for admission.
Ø Increased international standards of education
Ø Increases literary rate.
Demerits of
Privatization of Education
Ø Increased cost of education
Ø Increases in inequality.
Ø Disparities in the quality of
educational institution.
Ø Creates regional imbalances.
Ø Decreased quality of education.
Ø Competition between institutions.
Ø Profit motive.
Education of Dalit
Education
of Dalit
The word Dalit literally translating
to “oppressed” or “broken” is generally used to refer to people who were once
known as “untouchables”, those belonging to castes outside the fourfold Hindu
Varna system. A Dalit is a victim of poverty, slavery, illiteracy, ignorance
and atrocities.
He is a man who is exploited by the social and
economic traditions of the society. These are the people who were considered
“Out Castes”,” Untouchables” and “Leftovers”.
British Administration in 1919 to eliminate the degrading terms.
Major issues of Dalit :
- Untouchability/Caste discrimination
- Victim of inter-caste marriage
- Economic backwardness
- Ignorance
- Absolute poverty
- Severe condition of reproductive health
- High mortality and fertility rate
- Sexual exploitation
- Lack of employment opportunity
- Compulsion for prostitution
- Illiteracy
- Lowest life expectancy
- No representation at political including policy and decision levels
- Trafficking Dalit Women in Constituent Assembly
Our constitution has directed the states to promote the
educational interests of the weaker sections of the people
1.
Establishment of educational institutions
2.
Admission to educational institutions
Grant from state funds for scholarships
1.
Opening schools
2.
Giving scholarships
- Constructing hostels
1.
Mid-day meals
2.
Loans to students
3.
Coaching centres
- Reserving seats in educational institutions including engineering and medical colleges
- Relaxation in age and marks for admission
- Free special coaching to students aspiring for admission to professional courses .
National policy on education ,1986 contemplated the
following measures for the education:
- incentives to families to send their children to school regularly till they reach the age of 14
- scholarship scheme for children of families engaged in low occupations
- constant monitoring to ensure enrolment , retention and successful completion of courses
- recruitment of teacher from the dalits
- facilities in hostels
- locating schools, balwadis and education centres in such a way as to facilitate full participation of them
- constant innovation in finding new methods to increase participation
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